Education is a continually developing activity, it shapes the way an individual develops their attitudes, thoughts and behavior. Education is not just about being literate but it is an overall development of the person in every aspect of their lives. A society's educational system can be greatly linked to its culture as the culture that one is in have an affect on the type of curriculum the institutions will develop in order to cater to every individual of that particular culture. Education moulds and shapes a society and it is influenced by the culture of the particular country or society. The educational system acts as a point of reference for the society's needs and demands. The principles that dominate this article is culture and education are interrelated and interconnected. Every educational paradigm is influenced by the culture of the society in which it operates. This essay underlines the extensive connection between culture and education. As a result, the goal of this essay is to depict these features from a Philosophical-PSYCHOLOGICAL Approach.

Growing old, decreasing perception of social efficiency because of retirement and separation from children cause the elderly to feel lonely. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the role of PSYCHOLOGICAL capitals and PSYCHOLOGICAL FLEXIBILITY in predicting loneliness among elderly. It was a correlational descriptive study. The statistical population of the study included elderly living in Isfahan in 2018. Samples included 253 elderlies who were selected through convenience sampling method. Loneliness scale (Russell), PSYCHOLOGICAL FLEXIBILITY questionnaire (Denis and Vanderwal) and the questionnaire of PSYCHOLOGICAL capitals (Lotanz and Olio) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation and simultaneous multiple regression. The results reported a significant relationship between PSYCHOLOGICAL capitals and PSYCHOLOGICAL FLEXIBILITY and feeling loneliness in the elderly (P˂ 0. 001). Moreover, the results showed that PSYCHOLOGICAL capitals and PSYCHOLOGICAL FLEXIBILITY were significant predictors of loneliness among elderly, while there was no significant difference in predicting predictive variables (PSYCHOLOGICAL capitals and PSYCHOLOGICAL FLEXIBILITY) (P˃ 0. 05). Considering the meaningful role of PSYCHOLOGICAL capitals and PSYCHOLOGICAL FLEXIBILITY in significantly predicting loneliness in elderly, it seems a necessity to provide training for PSYCHOLOGICAL capitals and improve PSYCHOLOGICAL FLEXIBILITY among elderly to decrease feeling lonely and apply the outcomes to decrease loneliness in elderly.

Background: The expansion of the use of audio and video media technology has faced society with many medical, cultural and economic challenges. In the meantime, excessive use of mobile phones can cause many problems. Objective: The aim of this study was to construct and validate a questionnaire on physical and PSYCHOLOGICAL injuries of mobile phones. Method: The method of the present study was descriptive-correlational and confirmatory factor analysis. The statistical population of the study consisted of all citizens of Khorramabad with a diploma or higher in 1399, which was selected as a statistical sample by available sampling method of 200 people online and virtual. Results: The results showed that the factorized physical and PSYCHOLOGICAL harm questionnaire of cell phone with 42 questions and 10 components (fear of loss, vibration syndrome, duck syndrome, nomophobia, insomnia, hearing problem, eye syndrome, tunnel and neck syndrome SMS) and has good reliability, validity and FLEXIBILITY in terms of psychometrics. Discussion and Conclusion: The questionnaire of factor analysis of physical and PSYCHOLOGICAL injuries of mobile phones can be used to identify and study the physical and PSYCHOLOGICAL injuries of mobile phones.